Characteristics

• Ecchymosis: localized, flat discolouration of the skin caused by a collection of clotted blood that accumulated into tissues from ruptured capillaries, appearing as bruising.^1–3
• Hematoma: localized collection of blood outside the vessels, forming a swollen, often firm lump.^1,4
• Symptoms include discolouration (ranging from red to purple, then yellow-green as they heal), tenderness, and swelling (for hematomas).^1–4

Causes/Etiology

• Ecchymosis and/or hematoma can result from trauma, injections, or anticoagulant use, and may occur in patients with fragile blood vessels or coagulopathies.^1–4

Click to enlarge

Resolving nodule with surrounding hematoma

Hematoma (purple) and erythema area

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1. Davis CP. Hematoma vs. ecchymosis: differences and similarities. eMedicineHealth. Updated by Cunha JP. Accessed November 27, 2024. https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hematoma_v_ecchymosis/article_em.htm; 2. Asirdizer M, Besik EZ, Kartal E. Non-traumatic ecchymoses: A literature review from a medico-legal perspective. J Forensic Leg Med. 2023;95:102490; 3. Mallidi RQ. Ecchymosis. MedIndia. Published August 23, 2017. Accessed November 27, 2024. https://www.medindia.net/patientinfo/ecchymosis.htm; 4. Wedro B. Hematoma. In: Balentine JR, ed. MedicineNet. Published July 5, 2024. Accessed November 27, 2024. https://www.medicinenet.com/hematoma/article.htm.